Kazakhstan History

Kasym Khan

Qasym Khan (Kazakh: Қасым хан) was the leader of the Kazakh Khanate from about 1510 to 1521.

The son of Zhanybek who restored the Kazakh nation by gaining their independence from the Uzbeks, Qasym khan united the Kazakh nation, carrying on the line of the Golden Horde.

Kazakhs

Janybek Khan

    There are a number of Khans named Jani Beg in the history of the various descendant states of the empire of Genghis Khan. This page refers to the Kazakh leader. See below for other related names.

Janybek (or Janibek, Zhanibek, Jani Beg) Khan (Kazakh: Жәнібек хан) was a co-leader of a new Kazakh Khanate, following a successful rebellion against the Uzbek Khan Abulkhair in 1465 and 1466. He led the splinter group along with Kerei (or Girei or Keray), who was his relative, and who was also descended from the famous Urus Khan of the White Horde. For his wisdom, he was given the title "Az", meaning "the wise" in the Kazakh language, and so was called Az-Zhanibek. His son, Kasym Khan codified the laws of his people.

Janybek (or Janibek, Zhanibek, Jani Beg) Khan was a co-leader of a new Kazakh khanate, following a successful rebellion against the Shaibanid's Khan Abulkhair in 1465 and 1466. He led the splinter group along with Kerei (or Girei or Keray), who was his relative, and who was also descended from the famous Urus Khan of the White Horde. For his wisdom, he was given the title "Az", meaning "the wise" in the Kazakh language, and so was called Az-Zhanibek. His son, Kasym Khan codified the laws of his people.

Kazakhstan information

Janabil

Janabil is a male Chinese politician of Kazakh nationality. He was born in 1934 Kaba (Habahe) County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

Janabil
Chairman of CPPCC Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regional Committee
Born: 1934
Birthplace: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Habahe (Kaba) County

Biography

Janabil, male, Kazak nationality, is a native of Habahe (Kaba) County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. He was born in 1934 and joined the CPC.

Janabil spent much of his career in Party leadership positions at the county level in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. He later became secretary of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regional Committee. In 1993, he became chairman of the 7th CPPCC Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regional Committee.

Janabil was an alternate member of the 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th and 14th CPC Central Committees. He was a delegate to the 15th CPC National Congress and a member of the 8th and 9th CPPCC National Committees.
Career Data
1998—2003     Member, 9th CPPCC, National Committee
1997—2002     Delegate, 15th CPC, National Congress
1993—1998     Member, 8th CPPCC, National Committee
1993—     Chairman, CPPCC, Autonomous Regional Committee Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
1992—1997     Alternate Member, 14th CPC, Central Committee
1987—1992     Alternate Member, 13th CPC, Central Committee
    Secretary, CPC, Autonomous Regional Committee Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
1985—????     Deputy Secretary, CPC, Autonomous Regional Committee Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
    Vice-Chairman, Autonomous Region People's Government Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
    1st Secretary, CPC, Autonomous Prefectural Committee Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Kazak Prefecture
    Deputy Secretary, CPC, Autonomous Prefectural Committee Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Altay Prefecture
    Deputy Secretary, CPC, Autonomous County Committee Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Fuhai County
    Secretary, CPC, Autonomous County Committee Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Qinghe County
    Deputy Secretary, CPC, Autonomous County Committee Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Qinghe County
1982—1987     Alternate Member, 12th CPC, Central Committee
1977—1982     Alternate Member, 11th CPC, Central Committee
1972—1977     Alternate Member, 10th CPC, Central Committee
1953     Joined, CPC

 ChinaVitae

Kazakhstan History

Kazakh People

Kazakh People

Ibrahim Altynsarin

Ibrahim (Ibrai) Altynsarin (Kazakh: Ыбырай Алтынсарин, Russian: Ибрай Алтынсарин) (1841-1889) was a major figure in pre-Soviet Kazakh history. He was the most prominent Kazakh educator of the late 19th century, during the period of Russian colonization of and cultural influence in Kazakhstan.

Altynsarin was born in the Araqaraghai region of Torghai oblast (now Kostanay Province), and in his early career was an inspector of Torghai schools.

He is best known for introducing a Cyrillic alphabet for the Kazakh language, and was a proponent of teaching in the Western style. However, he opposed the teaching of Orthodox Christian doctrines to non-Russian Kazakhs, but at the same time urged resistance to Tatar language and culture, in favor of Russian and Western influences. As an educator, he opened numerous Kazakh-Russian boarding schools, technical schools and schools for girls.

Altynsarin is also credited with authoring the first Kazakh grammar book, the first Kazakh-Russian newspaper, and with translation of a large number of textbooks and reference works. He was honored by the Imperial Russian government with numerous awards, including the title statski sovetnik (State Councillor).

A number of Kazakh institutions, including the Kazakh Academy of Education, and some streets, schools, and academic awards, are named for Altynsarin. There is an Altynsarin museum in Kostanay.

Kazakh People

Dinmukhamed Konayev

Dinmukhamed (Dimash) Akhmeduly Konayev (Kazakh: Дінмұхаммед (Димаш) Ахметұлы Қонаев; Russian: Динмухаммед Ахмедович Кунаев), born 12 January 1912 [O.S. 31 December 1911] in Verny, now Almaty, died 22 August 1993, was a Kazakh Soviet Communist political figure.

Early life

Kunayev, the son of a Kazakh clerk, grew up in a middle-income family. He graduated from the Institute of Non-Ferrous and Fine Metallurgy in Moscow in 1936, which enabled him to become a machine operator. By 1939 he had become engineer-in-chief of the Pribalkhashatroi mine, and joined the Communist Party, a condition of the position.

Career

Kunayev was deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR from 1942 to 1954. In 1947, 1951, 1955 and 1959 he also was a deputy in the Kazakh SSR Supreme Soviet. Kunayev's rise in Communist Party ranks had been closely tied to that of Leonid Brezhnev's. Khrushchev appointed Panteleymon Ponomarenko as the first secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, and Leonid Brezhnev as the second secretary, in February 1954. Soon, Kunayev and Brezhnev developed a close friendship which lasted until the death of Brezhnev. Brezhnev became the first secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan in 1955 and a member of CPSU Politburo in 1956. When Brezhnev left Kazakhstan in 1956, I. Iakovlev became the First Secretary of the Kazakh Communist Party. Kunayev had to wait until 1960 to attain the post. Kunyaev was an ardent supporter of Virgin Lands campaign which opened millions of hectares of lands in Central Kazakhstan into agricultural development and caused a large influx of Russian immigrants into Kazakhstan. In 1962 he was dismissed from his position as he disagreed with Khrushchev's plans to incorporate some lands in Southern Kazakhstan to Uzbekistan. Ismail Yusupov, a supporter of the plan replaced Kunayev. He became first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Kazakhstan again in 1964 when Khrushchev was ousted and replaced by Brezhnev. [3] He kept his position for twenty-two more years. He was an alternate member of the Politburo from 1967, and a full member from 1971 to 1987. During Kunaev's long reign, Kazakhs occupied prominent positions in the bureaucracy, economy and educational institutions. A Brezhnev loyalist, he was removed from office under pressure from Mikhail Gorbachev, who accused him of corruption. On December 16, 1986 Soviet Politburo replaced him with Gennady Kolbin, who had never lived in the Kazakh SSR before. This provoked street riots in Almaty, which were the first signs of ethnic strife during Gorbachev's tenure.In modern Kazakhstan this revolt is called Zheltoksan meaning December in Kazakh.

Legacy

Kunayev was awarded the Gold Star of Hero of Socialist Labour three times.[5] He spent the last years of his life in charitable activity, establlishing the 'Dinmukhamed Kunayev Foundation', one of whose purposes was the support of political reform in Kazakhstan.

The History of Kazakhstan and Central Asia

Bekzat Sattarkhanov

Bekzat Sattarkhanov (born April 4, 1980 in Shymkent - died December 31, 2000 in Shymkent) was a Kazakh boxer who competed in the Featherweight (57 kg) at the 2000 Summer Olympics and won the gold medal.

Sattarkhanov died in a car accident in his native Kazakhstan on New Year's Eve 2000. Two others in the car survived.

Olympic Results

    * 2000 won the gold medal at the Sydney Olympics as a Featherweight. Results were:
          o Round of 32:Defeated Ovidiu Bobirnat of Romaina - PTS (11-5)
          o Round of 16:Defeated Jeffrey Mathebula of South Africa - PTS (16-5)
          o Quarterfinal:Defeated Ramazan Palyani of Turkey - PTS (12-11)
          o Semifinal:Defeated Tahar Tamsamani of Morocco - PTS (22-10)
          o Final: Defeated Ricardo Juarez of the United States- PTS (22-14)

Kazakh History

Baibars al-Bunduqdari (Baybars):

Baibars al-Bunduqdari (also spelled Baybars) (Arabic : ‬بيبرس‭ ‬البندقداري) (epithet: al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baibars al-Bunduqdari (Arabic الملك‭ ‬الظاهر‭ ‬ركن‭ ‬الدين‭ ‬بيبرس‭ ‬البندقداري)) (1223 – July 1, 1277) was a Mamluk Sultan of Egypt and Syria.

Early life

Baibars was a Kipchak Turk captured and sold in Kipchak steppe. It was said that he was captured by the Mongols and sold as a slave, ending up in Syria.

His first master, the emir (prince) of Hama, was suspicious of Baibars because of his unusual appearance (he was dark-skinned, gigantically tall, blue eyed and with an odd white spot in one of his eyes).Baibars was quickly sold to a Mamluk officer and sent to Egypt, where he became a bodyguard to the Ayyubid ruler As-Salih Ayyub.

Rise to power

He was a commander of the Mamluks in around 1250, when he defeated the Seventh Crusade of Louis IX of France. He was still a commander under Sultan Qutuz at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260. After the battle Sultan Qutuz was assassinated while on a hunting expedition. It was said that Baibars was involved in the assassination of Qutuz because he expected that he would be rewarded with the governorship of Aleppo for his military success; but Qutuz, fearing his ambition, refused to give such a post and disappointed him. Baibars succeeded Qutuz as Sultan of Egypt.He continued what was to become a lifelong struggle against the Crusader kingdoms in Syria, starting with the Principality of Antioch, which had allied itself with the Mongols against Baibars, at Ain Jalut.In 1263 he attacked Acre, the capital of the remnant of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, but was unable to take it. Nevertheless, he defeated the Crusaders in many other battles (Arsuf, Athlith, Haifa, Safad, Jaffa, Ashkalon, Caesarea); whenever possible he took prisoners who were members of the Knights Templar and Knights Hospitaller, who were much hated in the Muslim world at the that time as they defended Christian castles and at the same time considered to be a great military threat.In 1266 Baibars defeated the Armenians in Cilicia, the only powerful ally of Antioch. In 1268 he besieged Antioch, capturing the city on May 18. He razed the city and killed or enslaved the population, although Prince Bohemund was able to escape.The Mamluks under Baibars (yellow) fought off the Franks and the Mongols during the Ninth Crusade.The Mamluks under Baibars (yellow) fought off the Franks and the Mongols during the Ninth Crusade.The fall of Antioch led to the brief Ninth Crusade in 1271 led by Edward I of England, who also attempted to ally with the Mongols, although they were unable to capture any territory from Baibars. Although Edward and Baibars settled on a truce, Baibars tried to have Edward killed by the Hashshashin, and Edward returned home in 1272. Baibars then fought the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia, who were by this time subjects of the Mongols.
Baibars married several women and had seven daughters and three sons. Two of his sons, al-Said Barakah and Solamish became sultans. He died in Syria in 1277.

Legacy

Baibars was a popular ruler in the Muslim World who had defeated the crusaders in three crusades. In order to support his military campaigns, Baibars commissioned arsenals, warships and cargo vessels. His military campaign also extended into Libya and Nubia. He was also an efficient administrator who took interest in building various infrastructure projects, such as a mounted message relay system capable of delivery from Cairo to Damascus in four days. He also built bridges, irrigation and shipping canals, improved the harbours, and built mosques.

His memoirs were recorded in Sirat al-Zahir Baibars ("Life of al-Zahir Baibars"), a popular Arabic romance recording his battles and achievements. He has a heroic status in both Egypt and Syria.

Al-Madrassa al-Zahiriyya is the school built adjacent to his Mausoleum in Damascus. The Az-Zahiriyah library, has a wealth of manuscripts in various branches of knowledge to this day.

Assessment

As the first great Sultan of the Bahri Mamluk dynasty, Baibars made the meritocratic ascent up the ranks of Mamluk society. He took final control by killing Sayf al Din Qutuz to avenge his friend Faris ad-Din Aktai, but before he became Sultan he was the commander of the Mamluk forces in the most important battle of the Middle Periods, repelling a diminished Mongol force at the legendary battle of Ain Jalut in 1260.

His reign marked the start of an age of Mamluk dominance in the Eastern Mediterranean and solidified the durability of their military system. He took Saladin's military success as his ideal. He managed to pave the way for the end of the Crusader presence in Syria and to unite Egypt and Syria into one powerful state that was able to fend off threats from both Crusaders and Mongols.

Although in the Muslim World he has been considered a national hero for centuries, and in Egypt and Syria is still regarded as such, Sultan Baibars was reviled in the Christian world of the time for his destruction of holy sites and massacres or expulsion of Christian populations.

Kazak History

Baurzhan Momyshuly

Baurzhan Momyshuly was one of fighters for preservation of national essence and traditions of Kazakhs. During the war years he was recommended for a decoration of Hero of Soviet Union for three times.

Kazakh Historic Hero

Bakhytzhan Kanapyanov

Bakhytzhan Kanapyanov (Russian: Бахытжан Мусаханович Канапьянов, October 4, 1951 - ), Kazakh poet and writer.

Kanapyanov is a poet and a lyricist. He was born in Koksetau, a descent from Genghis Khan. He was a winner of the Kazakhstan’s boxing cup for two consecutive years (1968 - 1969). Liquidator of Chernobyl disaster. Member of the Russian and the Kazakh PEN clubs.

Kanapyanov writes in Kazakh and Russian and is widely recognised for multicultural approach. Kanapyanov collected folk songs from across Kazakhstan and translated them into Russian, often revising and adopting them. One of the most famous translation – is the Kazakh national epic song Kyz Zhibek. His translations into Russian include Turkish poet Nazim Hikmet, French poet Paul Valery and others.

Among Kazakh poets translated and adopted by Bakhytzhan are Abai, Zhambyl Zhabayev, Kenen Azerbayev, Shakarim, Magzhan Zhumabayev and others.

In 1984 he became the editor-in-chief of one of the largest publishing house in Kazakhstan Zhalyn. He kept this position until the year 1991 when the USSR, communist party and all censoring mechanisms collapsed. This allowed him to founder first independent publishing house in Kazakhstan – Zhibek Zholy (Silk Road). Now Zhibek Zholy is famous for its ongoing support to young authors and especially poets in Kazakhstan, Russia and worldwide. Zhibek Zholy publishes a lot on education, folklore, philosophy, linguistics and history studies.

Bakhytzhan was an active member of Nuclear disarmament movement and together with Olzhas Suleimenov was one of the founders of “Nevada-Semei” movement which ultimate aim was to close the nuclear test centers in Semipalatinsk and Nevada. He was a volunteers in Chernobyl trying to raise worldwide awareness of the tragedy - Chernobyl disaster. These efforts resulted in a book of verses “Stork on the Pripyat River” later translated in many languages.

Kanapyanov’s books were translated in more than 20 languages, including English, Finnish, Georgian, German, Korean, Polish, Malay, Yakut.

Kazakhstan History