Kazakhstan History

Qajymuqan

Qajymuqan, also known as Khadji-Mukan Munaitpasov, was a famous wrestler of the 19th century, a World Champion in French Wrestling (freestyle wrestling). One of his famous victories was the defeat of Japanese jiu-jitsu master Harakiki Jindofu, who did not survive the fatal injury of the spine he received during the fight.

Kazakhstan Sports

Osman Batur

Osman Batir (1899 - April 29, 1951), (Kazakh: وسمان باتىر ), the son of Islam Bai was born in Koktokay County, Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, Peoples Republic of China. In Xinjiang he is well known for his heroism, fighting for the freedom of the Qazaq people. He was captured in South Xinjiang, and beheaded in Urumqi on April 29, 1951, after a long, but failed struggle for the freedom of his homeland. After his death many of his followers fled over the Himalayan mountains. Afterwards they were airlifted to Turkey, where they now live.

Kazakh in China

Olzhas Suleimenov

Olzhas Suleimenov (Russian: Олжас Сулейменов) (1936-) is a Kazakh poet, politician, and anti-nuclear activist.

Life

Suleimanov was born on 18 May 1936 in Almaty. He graduated from Geological Sciences Department of Kazakh State University in 1959. Suleimenov also finished Gorkii Institute of Literature in 1961. Between 1962-1971, he worked at Kazakhskaya Pravda. Suleimenov was awarded Komsomol Prize for Kazakhstan in 1966. 1969-1989, He was a member of the Communist Party of Soviet Union. He became First Secretary of the Committee of the Kazakhstan's Writers Union in 1983. He is a Russophone writer.

Works

His most influential work AZ-i-IA was published in 1975. AZ-i-IA drew wide-scale criticism from literary elite in Russia. Suleimenov was charged with "“national chauvinism” and "glorifying feudal nomadic culture."[1] Kazakhstan Communist Party first secretary Dinmuhammad Konayev intervened on Suleimenov's behalf; discussing the content of the book with Brezhnev and saving Suleimenov's career.
His other works include;

    * Argamaki (1961)
    * Zemlia Poklonis' Cheloveku (1961)
    * Solnechnye Nochi (1962)
    * Dobroe Vremia Voskhoda (1964)
    * God Obez'iany (1967)
    * Glinianaia Kniga (1969)

Political activities

Suleimenov again became a world-wide name in 1989, when he led the establishment of international environmental movement Nevada-Semipalatinsk. Nevada Semipalatinsk campaigned to close nuclear sites in Nevada and Semipalatinsk city in Kazakhstan.
After independence, Suleimenov established Peoples' Congress party in 1991 and served as the speaker of Parliament until 1994. While at the Parliament, he rose to the position of opposition leader, engaging in several political struggles with President Nursultan Nazarbaev. Many opposition leaders urged him to run as a candidate in the next presidential elections.
In 1995, to preempt his potential candidacy, Nazarbayev broke a deal, and Suleimenov was appointed as Kazakhstan's ambassador to Rome. Currently, he serves as Kazakhstani ambassador at UN.

almaty kazakhstan

Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev
Нұрсұлтан Әбішұлы Назарбаев

President of Kazakhstan

Assumed office
16 December 1991
From 22 June 1989 in the Kazakh SSR

Prime Minister

Sergey Tereshchenko
Akezhan Kazhegeldin
Nurlan Balgimbayev
Kasymzhomart Tokayev
Imangali Tasmagambetov
Daniyal Akhmetov
Karim Masimov
Preceded by     Gennady Kolbin (as the Kazakh SSR)
Born     06 July 1940 (1940-07-06) (age 67)
Chemolgan, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union
Political party     Nur-Otan
Spouse     Sara Nazarbayeva
Religion     Islam

Kazakhstan President and Kazakhstan Government

Nurken Abdirov

Statue of Abdirov in his home city of Karaganda, Kazakhstan

Nurken Abdirov (Kazakh: Нуркен Абдиров) was a Kazakh pilot who served for the Soviet Union in World War II, and was killed in the Battle of Stalingrad.

Abdirov is a legendary figure in his hometown of Karaganda, Kazakhstan. According to local history, when Abdirov's plane was disabled by enemy fire, he and gunner Aleksandr Komissarov heroically steered his descent to crash into a column of German tanks, sacrificing his own life to destroy his enemy. On March 31, 1943, Abdirov was posthumously made Hero of the Soviet Union.

History of Kazakstan people

Mustafa Shokay

Mustafa Shokay (also spelled Shokai,Çokay, Cokay, Shokay, Mustafa Chokayev, and Mustafa Chokaev ; Kazakh: Мұстафа Шоқай, Russian: Мустафа Шокай, 1890-1941), was a leader of the Kokand revolt in 1917 against the Bolsheviks that created the “Provisional Government of Autonomous Turkestan.” After the revolt was crushed Chokayev fled the country and lived in exile in Europe. During his time in exile Chokaev became one of the leading authorities on the history of Central Asia and was an ardent Turkestani nationalist. He wrote several hundred articles about the history of Turkestan and the Turkestani nationalist movement He later went on to help form the Turkestan Legion, a division of Muslims exiles and captured POWs from the Soviet Union who fought on behalf of Germany during the Second World War.

map of kazakhstan

Mukhtar Auezov

Mukhtar Auezov (Kazakh: Мұхтар Омарханұлы Әуезов, Russian: Мухтар Омарханович Ауэзов, September 28, 1897 - 1961) was a prominent Soviet Kazakh writer.

Life

Mukhtar Auezov was born into a nomadic family the village of Chingistan in the Semipalatinsk region. His grandfather taught him to read and write. Auezov was then educated at the Semiplatinsk Teacher's Seminary and Leningrad State University.

Auezov is best known for his plays. The first play he authored was Enlik-Kebek, a story of two young lovers which bears a great resemblance to Romeo and Juliet. He authored more than twenty plays which dealt with issues relevant to Socialism in Kazakhstan.

After writing plays, Auezov changed his focus to writing novels. Two novels - Abay and The Path of Abay - dealing with the life of Kazakh poet Abay Qunanbayuli were the product of the last twenty years of his life. [1]

Auezov's other projects included drawing and translating literature into the Kazakh language

Works

    * Abay
    * The Path of Abay
    * The Hour of Trial
    * The Guard of Honor

 Kazakhstan map

Mirjaqip Dulatuli

Mirjaqip Dulatuli (Kazakh: Міржақып Дулатұлы, Russian: Миржакып Дулатов (1885 - 1935) was a Kazakh poet, writer and a leader of Kazakh nationalist Alash Orda government. He also is known to have used the pen names Madiyar and Arghyn. A common English transliteration of his name (through the Russian) is Mir Yakub Dulatov.

Early life

Dulatuli was born on November 25, 1885 in the village of Sarikopa, Qostanay Oblast. He was from Middle Horde (orta jüz), Argin tribe. He lost his mother, Demesh, at the age of two and his father, Dulat, at the age of 12. He received early education in the traditional village school. In 1897, Dulatuli enrolled in a Kazakh-Russian high school and graduated in 1902 as a village teacher. In 1904, he joined Ahmed Baytursunuli and Alikhan Bukeikhanov in Karkarali. Under the influence of these two leaders of emerging Kazakh reformist nationalist movement, he developed an anti-colonial, anti-Russian worldview.

He moved to St. Petersburg in 1907 as a delegate of Kazakh Constitutional Democratic Party. In St. Petersburg, he published his first poem in the Kazakh journal "Serke" which run only one issue. The poem was entitled, Jastarga, "to the Youth."
He contributed another article, Bizdin Maksatimiz, "Our Objective" to the second issue of the journal which was never published.

Political activities

Mirjaqip's political formation was greatly maturated when he published his first poetry book, Oyan! Qazaq, "Wake up! Kazakh" in 1909.The book was immediately confiscated. He republished Oyan! Qazaq in 1911 and returned to the Turgay oblast after the publication of the book.

Meanwhile, Dulatuli published his first novel Baqitsiz Jamal, "Jamal the Unfortunate" in 1910. Baqitsiz Jamal has been the first novel in the contemporary Kazakh literature. The book narrates the story of oppressed Kazakh women.

Thus, in early 1910s, Dulatuli emerges as a leader of emerging Kazakh reformism and nationalist movement. His publications puts him under Russian surveillance, investigations and intimidations. Under Tsarist Russian surveillance, Dulatuli could not have a steady job or settle down in a town for a long time. He was arrested in Semey in 1911 and served one and half years prison term.

After his release, Dulatuli regularly contributed to Kazakh language journals Ayqap and Qazaq until 1918 when Qazaq was closed by the Kerensky government. In his essays and poems Dulatuli criticized socio-economic, political conditions of Kazakhs under imperial administration. He also published another poetry, Azamat, "Citizen" in 1913.

Dulatuli was one of the leaders of Alash Orda Government which was formed to promote Kazakh autonomy under the Menshevik government. Alash leaders, including Baytursunov and Dulatuli, aligned with the Whites, declared independence of Kazakhstan and fought against Bolsheviks between December 1917-May 1919. When the leader of the Whites, Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak, turned down requests of Alash leaders for help, the Kazakh nationalists realigned with the Bolsheviks expecting autonomy under Bolshevik government. In 1920, autonomous socialist republic was established and Alash leaders particiapted in local government.

Dulatuli worked as an editor and teacher under Bolshevik government. In 1928, he was arrested on nationalism charges and was shot in 1935.

Legacy

Dulatuli was rehabilitated post-humously in 1988. He is considered to be one of the pioneers of modern Kazakh literature, and a leader of Kazakh nationalism.

Works

    * Oyan! Qazaq, Almati: Altyn Orda (1991)

        Sample:
        Köziñdi aş, oyan, qazaq, köter bastı,
        Ötkizbeý qarañğıda beker jastı.
        Jer ketti, din naşarlap, xal haram bop,
        Qazağım, endi jatw jaramas-tı.

    * Shigharmalari, Mirjaqip Dulatuli; Z A Akhmetov; Almati: Jazushi Baspasi, 1991
    * Baqitsiz Jamal, 1910
    * Azamat, 1913
    * Terme, 1915
    * Esep Kurali, 1922

Kazakh tribes

Manshuk Mametova

Manshuk Mametova (Mansiya) Zheengaleevna (Kazakh: Мәншүк Жиенғалиқызы Мәметова) was a Kazakh machine gunner of the 21 rifle division of the 3 guardian shock army and the first Soviet Asian woman to receive the Hero of the Soviet Union for acts of bravery.

Kazakhstan Heroes in History

Kurmangazy Sagyrbayuly

Kurmangazy Sagyrbaev (Kazakh: Құрманғазы Сағырбайұлы; Russian: Курмангазы Сагырбаев; 1823–1896), was a Kazakh composer, instrumentalist, and folk artist. He is buried in the Astrakhan region of Lower Volga in today's Russian Federation.

Kazak People