Kazakhstan History

Mirjaqip Dulatuli

Mirjaqip Dulatuli (Kazakh: Міржақып Дулатұлы, Russian: Миржакып Дулатов (1885 - 1935) was a Kazakh poet, writer and a leader of Kazakh nationalist Alash Orda government. He also is known to have used the pen names Madiyar and Arghyn. A common English transliteration of his name (through the Russian) is Mir Yakub Dulatov.

Early life

Dulatuli was born on November 25, 1885 in the village of Sarikopa, Qostanay Oblast. He was from Middle Horde (orta jüz), Argin tribe. He lost his mother, Demesh, at the age of two and his father, Dulat, at the age of 12. He received early education in the traditional village school. In 1897, Dulatuli enrolled in a Kazakh-Russian high school and graduated in 1902 as a village teacher. In 1904, he joined Ahmed Baytursunuli and Alikhan Bukeikhanov in Karkarali. Under the influence of these two leaders of emerging Kazakh reformist nationalist movement, he developed an anti-colonial, anti-Russian worldview.

He moved to St. Petersburg in 1907 as a delegate of Kazakh Constitutional Democratic Party. In St. Petersburg, he published his first poem in the Kazakh journal "Serke" which run only one issue. The poem was entitled, Jastarga, "to the Youth."
He contributed another article, Bizdin Maksatimiz, "Our Objective" to the second issue of the journal which was never published.

Political activities

Mirjaqip's political formation was greatly maturated when he published his first poetry book, Oyan! Qazaq, "Wake up! Kazakh" in 1909.The book was immediately confiscated. He republished Oyan! Qazaq in 1911 and returned to the Turgay oblast after the publication of the book.

Meanwhile, Dulatuli published his first novel Baqitsiz Jamal, "Jamal the Unfortunate" in 1910. Baqitsiz Jamal has been the first novel in the contemporary Kazakh literature. The book narrates the story of oppressed Kazakh women.

Thus, in early 1910s, Dulatuli emerges as a leader of emerging Kazakh reformism and nationalist movement. His publications puts him under Russian surveillance, investigations and intimidations. Under Tsarist Russian surveillance, Dulatuli could not have a steady job or settle down in a town for a long time. He was arrested in Semey in 1911 and served one and half years prison term.

After his release, Dulatuli regularly contributed to Kazakh language journals Ayqap and Qazaq until 1918 when Qazaq was closed by the Kerensky government. In his essays and poems Dulatuli criticized socio-economic, political conditions of Kazakhs under imperial administration. He also published another poetry, Azamat, "Citizen" in 1913.

Dulatuli was one of the leaders of Alash Orda Government which was formed to promote Kazakh autonomy under the Menshevik government. Alash leaders, including Baytursunov and Dulatuli, aligned with the Whites, declared independence of Kazakhstan and fought against Bolsheviks between December 1917-May 1919. When the leader of the Whites, Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak, turned down requests of Alash leaders for help, the Kazakh nationalists realigned with the Bolsheviks expecting autonomy under Bolshevik government. In 1920, autonomous socialist republic was established and Alash leaders particiapted in local government.

Dulatuli worked as an editor and teacher under Bolshevik government. In 1928, he was arrested on nationalism charges and was shot in 1935.

Legacy

Dulatuli was rehabilitated post-humously in 1988. He is considered to be one of the pioneers of modern Kazakh literature, and a leader of Kazakh nationalism.

Works

    * Oyan! Qazaq, Almati: Altyn Orda (1991)

        Sample:
        Köziñdi aş, oyan, qazaq, köter bastı,
        Ötkizbeý qarañğıda beker jastı.
        Jer ketti, din naşarlap, xal haram bop,
        Qazağım, endi jatw jaramas-tı.

    * Shigharmalari, Mirjaqip Dulatuli; Z A Akhmetov; Almati: Jazushi Baspasi, 1991
    * Baqitsiz Jamal, 1910
    * Azamat, 1913
    * Terme, 1915
    * Esep Kurali, 1922

Kazakh tribes

Manshuk Mametova

Manshuk Mametova (Mansiya) Zheengaleevna (Kazakh: Мәншүк Жиенғалиқызы Мәметова) was a Kazakh machine gunner of the 21 rifle division of the 3 guardian shock army and the first Soviet Asian woman to receive the Hero of the Soviet Union for acts of bravery.

Kazakhstan Heroes in History

Kurmangazy Sagyrbayuly

Kurmangazy Sagyrbaev (Kazakh: Құрманғазы Сағырбайұлы; Russian: Курмангазы Сагырбаев; 1823–1896), was a Kazakh composer, instrumentalist, and folk artist. He is buried in the Astrakhan region of Lower Volga in today's Russian Federation.

Kazak People

Kasym Khan

Qasym Khan (Kazakh: Қасым хан) was the leader of the Kazakh Khanate from about 1510 to 1521.

The son of Zhanybek who restored the Kazakh nation by gaining their independence from the Uzbeks, Qasym khan united the Kazakh nation, carrying on the line of the Golden Horde.

Kazakhs

Janybek Khan

    There are a number of Khans named Jani Beg in the history of the various descendant states of the empire of Genghis Khan. This page refers to the Kazakh leader. See below for other related names.

Janybek (or Janibek, Zhanibek, Jani Beg) Khan (Kazakh: Жәнібек хан) was a co-leader of a new Kazakh Khanate, following a successful rebellion against the Uzbek Khan Abulkhair in 1465 and 1466. He led the splinter group along with Kerei (or Girei or Keray), who was his relative, and who was also descended from the famous Urus Khan of the White Horde. For his wisdom, he was given the title "Az", meaning "the wise" in the Kazakh language, and so was called Az-Zhanibek. His son, Kasym Khan codified the laws of his people.

Janybek (or Janibek, Zhanibek, Jani Beg) Khan was a co-leader of a new Kazakh khanate, following a successful rebellion against the Shaibanid's Khan Abulkhair in 1465 and 1466. He led the splinter group along with Kerei (or Girei or Keray), who was his relative, and who was also descended from the famous Urus Khan of the White Horde. For his wisdom, he was given the title "Az", meaning "the wise" in the Kazakh language, and so was called Az-Zhanibek. His son, Kasym Khan codified the laws of his people.

Kazakhstan information

Janabil

Janabil is a male Chinese politician of Kazakh nationality. He was born in 1934 Kaba (Habahe) County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

Janabil
Chairman of CPPCC Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regional Committee
Born: 1934
Birthplace: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Habahe (Kaba) County

Biography

Janabil, male, Kazak nationality, is a native of Habahe (Kaba) County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. He was born in 1934 and joined the CPC.

Janabil spent much of his career in Party leadership positions at the county level in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. He later became secretary of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regional Committee. In 1993, he became chairman of the 7th CPPCC Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regional Committee.

Janabil was an alternate member of the 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th and 14th CPC Central Committees. He was a delegate to the 15th CPC National Congress and a member of the 8th and 9th CPPCC National Committees.
Career Data
1998—2003     Member, 9th CPPCC, National Committee
1997—2002     Delegate, 15th CPC, National Congress
1993—1998     Member, 8th CPPCC, National Committee
1993—     Chairman, CPPCC, Autonomous Regional Committee Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
1992—1997     Alternate Member, 14th CPC, Central Committee
1987—1992     Alternate Member, 13th CPC, Central Committee
    Secretary, CPC, Autonomous Regional Committee Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
1985—????     Deputy Secretary, CPC, Autonomous Regional Committee Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
    Vice-Chairman, Autonomous Region People's Government Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
    1st Secretary, CPC, Autonomous Prefectural Committee Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Kazak Prefecture
    Deputy Secretary, CPC, Autonomous Prefectural Committee Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Altay Prefecture
    Deputy Secretary, CPC, Autonomous County Committee Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Fuhai County
    Secretary, CPC, Autonomous County Committee Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Qinghe County
    Deputy Secretary, CPC, Autonomous County Committee Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Qinghe County
1982—1987     Alternate Member, 12th CPC, Central Committee
1977—1982     Alternate Member, 11th CPC, Central Committee
1972—1977     Alternate Member, 10th CPC, Central Committee
1953     Joined, CPC

 ChinaVitae

Kazakhstan History

Kazakh People

Kazakh People

Ibrahim Altynsarin

Ibrahim (Ibrai) Altynsarin (Kazakh: Ыбырай Алтынсарин, Russian: Ибрай Алтынсарин) (1841-1889) was a major figure in pre-Soviet Kazakh history. He was the most prominent Kazakh educator of the late 19th century, during the period of Russian colonization of and cultural influence in Kazakhstan.

Altynsarin was born in the Araqaraghai region of Torghai oblast (now Kostanay Province), and in his early career was an inspector of Torghai schools.

He is best known for introducing a Cyrillic alphabet for the Kazakh language, and was a proponent of teaching in the Western style. However, he opposed the teaching of Orthodox Christian doctrines to non-Russian Kazakhs, but at the same time urged resistance to Tatar language and culture, in favor of Russian and Western influences. As an educator, he opened numerous Kazakh-Russian boarding schools, technical schools and schools for girls.

Altynsarin is also credited with authoring the first Kazakh grammar book, the first Kazakh-Russian newspaper, and with translation of a large number of textbooks and reference works. He was honored by the Imperial Russian government with numerous awards, including the title statski sovetnik (State Councillor).

A number of Kazakh institutions, including the Kazakh Academy of Education, and some streets, schools, and academic awards, are named for Altynsarin. There is an Altynsarin museum in Kostanay.

Kazakh People

Dinmukhamed Konayev

Dinmukhamed (Dimash) Akhmeduly Konayev (Kazakh: Дінмұхаммед (Димаш) Ахметұлы Қонаев; Russian: Динмухаммед Ахмедович Кунаев), born 12 January 1912 [O.S. 31 December 1911] in Verny, now Almaty, died 22 August 1993, was a Kazakh Soviet Communist political figure.

Early life

Kunayev, the son of a Kazakh clerk, grew up in a middle-income family. He graduated from the Institute of Non-Ferrous and Fine Metallurgy in Moscow in 1936, which enabled him to become a machine operator. By 1939 he had become engineer-in-chief of the Pribalkhashatroi mine, and joined the Communist Party, a condition of the position.

Career

Kunayev was deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR from 1942 to 1954. In 1947, 1951, 1955 and 1959 he also was a deputy in the Kazakh SSR Supreme Soviet. Kunayev's rise in Communist Party ranks had been closely tied to that of Leonid Brezhnev's. Khrushchev appointed Panteleymon Ponomarenko as the first secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, and Leonid Brezhnev as the second secretary, in February 1954. Soon, Kunayev and Brezhnev developed a close friendship which lasted until the death of Brezhnev. Brezhnev became the first secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan in 1955 and a member of CPSU Politburo in 1956. When Brezhnev left Kazakhstan in 1956, I. Iakovlev became the First Secretary of the Kazakh Communist Party. Kunayev had to wait until 1960 to attain the post. Kunyaev was an ardent supporter of Virgin Lands campaign which opened millions of hectares of lands in Central Kazakhstan into agricultural development and caused a large influx of Russian immigrants into Kazakhstan. In 1962 he was dismissed from his position as he disagreed with Khrushchev's plans to incorporate some lands in Southern Kazakhstan to Uzbekistan. Ismail Yusupov, a supporter of the plan replaced Kunayev. He became first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Kazakhstan again in 1964 when Khrushchev was ousted and replaced by Brezhnev. [3] He kept his position for twenty-two more years. He was an alternate member of the Politburo from 1967, and a full member from 1971 to 1987. During Kunaev's long reign, Kazakhs occupied prominent positions in the bureaucracy, economy and educational institutions. A Brezhnev loyalist, he was removed from office under pressure from Mikhail Gorbachev, who accused him of corruption. On December 16, 1986 Soviet Politburo replaced him with Gennady Kolbin, who had never lived in the Kazakh SSR before. This provoked street riots in Almaty, which were the first signs of ethnic strife during Gorbachev's tenure.In modern Kazakhstan this revolt is called Zheltoksan meaning December in Kazakh.

Legacy

Kunayev was awarded the Gold Star of Hero of Socialist Labour three times.[5] He spent the last years of his life in charitable activity, establlishing the 'Dinmukhamed Kunayev Foundation', one of whose purposes was the support of political reform in Kazakhstan.

The History of Kazakhstan and Central Asia

Bekzat Sattarkhanov

Bekzat Sattarkhanov (born April 4, 1980 in Shymkent - died December 31, 2000 in Shymkent) was a Kazakh boxer who competed in the Featherweight (57 kg) at the 2000 Summer Olympics and won the gold medal.

Sattarkhanov died in a car accident in his native Kazakhstan on New Year's Eve 2000. Two others in the car survived.

Olympic Results

    * 2000 won the gold medal at the Sydney Olympics as a Featherweight. Results were:
          o Round of 32:Defeated Ovidiu Bobirnat of Romaina - PTS (11-5)
          o Round of 16:Defeated Jeffrey Mathebula of South Africa - PTS (16-5)
          o Quarterfinal:Defeated Ramazan Palyani of Turkey - PTS (12-11)
          o Semifinal:Defeated Tahar Tamsamani of Morocco - PTS (22-10)
          o Final: Defeated Ricardo Juarez of the United States- PTS (22-14)

Kazakh History