Kazakhstan History

Sarsen Amanzholov

Sarsen Amanzholovich Amanzholov (Kazakh: Сәрсен Аманжолович Аманжолов; Russian: Сарсен Аманжолович Аманжолов) is a famous Turkologist, and one of the pioneers of Kazakh linguistics. He cultivated the foundations of Kazakh grammar for all levels of education, and helped create the current Cyrillic Kazakh alphabet. He also helped to create Russian-Kazakh military and agricultural dictionaries.

Amanzholov was born on December 27, 1903 in the village (aul) of Eginsu in East Kazakhstan Province. In 1916 he graduated from the Kanton-Karagae Russian-Kazakh school and enrolled in a real school in Ust-Kamenogorsk, however was forced to drop out due to financial difficulties. He later enrolled in a three-month course of study in Semipalatinsk, after which he returned to his home village to work as a teacher.

In 1924 he was offered a job as a high-ranking secretary in the executive committee of East Kazakhstan province. In 1926 he moved to Tashkent to work at the Central Asian State University in the department of Kazakh language and literature.

In the fall of 1931 Amanzholov began to teach at the Abay Kazakh Pedagogical Institute. The next year he became an associate professor. He would continue to work at this institution until his death nearly 30 years later.

In the early 1930s he began a program for creating Kazakh textbooks. In 1932 Amanzholov published the grade school textbook Kazakh Grammar (Грамматика казахского языка). That year he also edited a Kazakh language textbook for younger children. From 1934-1940 he wrote a grammar textbook for middle school students.

On November 10, 1940, at the 5th session of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR, Amanzholov was presented with the project of creating a new Cyrillic alphabet for the Kazakh language. This alphabet would replace the Uniform Turkic Alphabet which was currently being used throughout the USSR.

From February 1942 to June 1946 Amanzholov was placed on active war service in the Red Army. During that time he directed propaganda activities among soldiers of non-Russian origin, and published Notebook of a Red Army Propagandist (Блокнот агитатора Красной Армии) as well as leaflets about Heroes of the Soviet Union.

In 1948 he defended his dissertation on the ethnogenesis of the Kazakhs in Moscow.

He died on January 28, 1958.

East Kazakhstan Sate University is named in his honor.

Kazakhstan people

Rakhimzhan Qoshqarbaev

Raqymzhan Qoshqarbayev (Kazakh: Рақымжан Қошқарбаев; Russian:Рахимжан Кошкарбаев, born 1924) is a Kazakh soldier. He and Georgij Bulatov were the first Red Army personnel to raise the Soviet Flag over the Reichstag building in Berlin, on April 30, 1945, during World War II.

Qoshqarbayev was born in Almaty, Kazakhstan. He commenced active duty in early 1945. He rose to the rank of Lieutenant, and commanded the reconnaissance platoon of the 1st Rifle Battalion, 674th Regiment. His unit was involved in heavy fighting, including the Battle of Berlin.

After the war Qoshqarbaev was the manager of the Alma-Ata Hotel. Unlike another Kazakh hero of the war, Bauyrzhan Momysh-uly, Qoshqarbaev was never awarded the Gold Star. This was due to the supposedly bourgeois background of Qoshqarbayev's father, which was a disadvantage in the Soviet Union.

Kazakhstan and World War II

Raiymbek Batyr

Famous Kazakh worrier, who actively resisted Dzhungar invasion of Kazakh territories and played major role in liberating Kazakhs from Dzhungar oppression.

Kazakhstan History

Qajymuqan

Qajymuqan, also known as Khadji-Mukan Munaitpasov, was a famous wrestler of the 19th century, a World Champion in French Wrestling (freestyle wrestling). One of his famous victories was the defeat of Japanese jiu-jitsu master Harakiki Jindofu, who did not survive the fatal injury of the spine he received during the fight.

Kazakhstan Sports

Osman Batur

Osman Batir (1899 - April 29, 1951), (Kazakh: وسمان باتىر ), the son of Islam Bai was born in Koktokay County, Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, Peoples Republic of China. In Xinjiang he is well known for his heroism, fighting for the freedom of the Qazaq people. He was captured in South Xinjiang, and beheaded in Urumqi on April 29, 1951, after a long, but failed struggle for the freedom of his homeland. After his death many of his followers fled over the Himalayan mountains. Afterwards they were airlifted to Turkey, where they now live.

Kazakh in China

Olzhas Suleimenov

Olzhas Suleimenov (Russian: Олжас Сулейменов) (1936-) is a Kazakh poet, politician, and anti-nuclear activist.

Life

Suleimanov was born on 18 May 1936 in Almaty. He graduated from Geological Sciences Department of Kazakh State University in 1959. Suleimenov also finished Gorkii Institute of Literature in 1961. Between 1962-1971, he worked at Kazakhskaya Pravda. Suleimenov was awarded Komsomol Prize for Kazakhstan in 1966. 1969-1989, He was a member of the Communist Party of Soviet Union. He became First Secretary of the Committee of the Kazakhstan's Writers Union in 1983. He is a Russophone writer.

Works

His most influential work AZ-i-IA was published in 1975. AZ-i-IA drew wide-scale criticism from literary elite in Russia. Suleimenov was charged with "“national chauvinism” and "glorifying feudal nomadic culture."[1] Kazakhstan Communist Party first secretary Dinmuhammad Konayev intervened on Suleimenov's behalf; discussing the content of the book with Brezhnev and saving Suleimenov's career.
His other works include;

    * Argamaki (1961)
    * Zemlia Poklonis' Cheloveku (1961)
    * Solnechnye Nochi (1962)
    * Dobroe Vremia Voskhoda (1964)
    * God Obez'iany (1967)
    * Glinianaia Kniga (1969)

Political activities

Suleimenov again became a world-wide name in 1989, when he led the establishment of international environmental movement Nevada-Semipalatinsk. Nevada Semipalatinsk campaigned to close nuclear sites in Nevada and Semipalatinsk city in Kazakhstan.
After independence, Suleimenov established Peoples' Congress party in 1991 and served as the speaker of Parliament until 1994. While at the Parliament, he rose to the position of opposition leader, engaging in several political struggles with President Nursultan Nazarbaev. Many opposition leaders urged him to run as a candidate in the next presidential elections.
In 1995, to preempt his potential candidacy, Nazarbayev broke a deal, and Suleimenov was appointed as Kazakhstan's ambassador to Rome. Currently, he serves as Kazakhstani ambassador at UN.

almaty kazakhstan

Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev
Нұрсұлтан Әбішұлы Назарбаев

President of Kazakhstan

Assumed office
16 December 1991
From 22 June 1989 in the Kazakh SSR

Prime Minister

Sergey Tereshchenko
Akezhan Kazhegeldin
Nurlan Balgimbayev
Kasymzhomart Tokayev
Imangali Tasmagambetov
Daniyal Akhmetov
Karim Masimov
Preceded by     Gennady Kolbin (as the Kazakh SSR)
Born     06 July 1940 (1940-07-06) (age 67)
Chemolgan, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union
Political party     Nur-Otan
Spouse     Sara Nazarbayeva
Religion     Islam

Kazakhstan President and Kazakhstan Government

Nurken Abdirov

Statue of Abdirov in his home city of Karaganda, Kazakhstan

Nurken Abdirov (Kazakh: Нуркен Абдиров) was a Kazakh pilot who served for the Soviet Union in World War II, and was killed in the Battle of Stalingrad.

Abdirov is a legendary figure in his hometown of Karaganda, Kazakhstan. According to local history, when Abdirov's plane was disabled by enemy fire, he and gunner Aleksandr Komissarov heroically steered his descent to crash into a column of German tanks, sacrificing his own life to destroy his enemy. On March 31, 1943, Abdirov was posthumously made Hero of the Soviet Union.

History of Kazakstan people

Mustafa Shokay

Mustafa Shokay (also spelled Shokai,Çokay, Cokay, Shokay, Mustafa Chokayev, and Mustafa Chokaev ; Kazakh: Мұстафа Шоқай, Russian: Мустафа Шокай, 1890-1941), was a leader of the Kokand revolt in 1917 against the Bolsheviks that created the “Provisional Government of Autonomous Turkestan.” After the revolt was crushed Chokayev fled the country and lived in exile in Europe. During his time in exile Chokaev became one of the leading authorities on the history of Central Asia and was an ardent Turkestani nationalist. He wrote several hundred articles about the history of Turkestan and the Turkestani nationalist movement He later went on to help form the Turkestan Legion, a division of Muslims exiles and captured POWs from the Soviet Union who fought on behalf of Germany during the Second World War.

map of kazakhstan

Mukhtar Auezov

Mukhtar Auezov (Kazakh: Мұхтар Омарханұлы Әуезов, Russian: Мухтар Омарханович Ауэзов, September 28, 1897 - 1961) was a prominent Soviet Kazakh writer.

Life

Mukhtar Auezov was born into a nomadic family the village of Chingistan in the Semipalatinsk region. His grandfather taught him to read and write. Auezov was then educated at the Semiplatinsk Teacher's Seminary and Leningrad State University.

Auezov is best known for his plays. The first play he authored was Enlik-Kebek, a story of two young lovers which bears a great resemblance to Romeo and Juliet. He authored more than twenty plays which dealt with issues relevant to Socialism in Kazakhstan.

After writing plays, Auezov changed his focus to writing novels. Two novels - Abay and The Path of Abay - dealing with the life of Kazakh poet Abay Qunanbayuli were the product of the last twenty years of his life. [1]

Auezov's other projects included drawing and translating literature into the Kazakh language

Works

    * Abay
    * The Path of Abay
    * The Hour of Trial
    * The Guard of Honor

 Kazakhstan map